Sliding into the Soap Dish of the US War on Drugs
Dear Readers:
I am proud to present to you another guest Blog from one of our stellar Democracy Center interns. This one, about the San Sebastian women’s jail in Cochabamba, was written by Christina Haglund, a native of Portland Oregon and a former US Peace Corps volunteer. Christina and other Center volunteers (US and Bolivian) have been visiting the jail as part of an investigation into the human toll of the US-sponsored War on Drugs. I think you will find the article well worth reading.
Jim Shultz
Sliding into the Soap Dish
They call it La Jobónera. The “soap dish”, I thought the nickname had been born because at first glance, the place looks like a wash-by-hand laundromat. Clotheslines run criss-cross through the open patio, giving shade like a tree as it drips dry above a place that feels more like hopelessly passing time than life. There is a constant scrubbing noise. Water is always running somewhere. Braids are tied back and sleeves are rolled up. But no, I was wrong.
The “soap dish” has nothing to do with spending hours a day soaking and scrubbing soapy clothes. It gets its name because it is both getting in and getting out is slippery. Welcome to the San Sebastian prison.
La Jabónera is not just any prison. It is a confined residence for women, most of them supposed narco-traffickers, and their children. A jail that does not provide food to its prisoners. A jail filled with 112 women, many of who do not know how long they will reside there, and are guilty until proven innocent.
I sat with a group of women, varying in ages from 18 to 58. I was the only one without thick black braids draped down my back, the only one not dressed in a pleated traditional Cochabambino skirt or laced shirt. We labeled dirty clothes that had been delivered from the outside by sewing colored thread into the hems. I asked how long they have been here. One woman responded that she no longer remembers. The others chuckled.
“Why are you here?” I asked. One by one they confessed Law 1008 as the reason for their imprisonment. Not one looked me in the eyes. I come from the country that wrote this law, I told them. They did not know that this law was originally written in English, and that it came from the United States.
The War on Drugs that is being fought in Bolivia is producing statistics that give the appearance of success in the battlefield. The Embassy of the United States in Bolivia annually reports the number of detained narco-traffickers. That number has been exponentially increasing since the implementation of Law 1008 in 1988. This is the “Law to Regulate Coca and Controlled Substances”. Any alleged association with drugs (including many cases in which the evidence is beyond ludicrous) condemns an individual to loss of freedom, family and rights. These people become numbers in the US database under the category “narco-trafficker”.
Who are these narco-traffickers and does their imprisonment truthfully reflect victory in our abstract war against drugs?
A prisoner of the war on drugs was kind enough to share her story with us. We were sitting in the jail sewing room where, thanks to a local non-profit, many women learn the seamstress trade during idle imprisonment time. Two cholitas were machine embroidering tablecloths and pillowcases. Vacant sewing machines surrounded us. We all drank refresco (soda). “Why are they writing things down?” asked a woman in Quechua.
Forty-year-old Marlitza was telling of her arrival to the San Sebastian prison 4 years and 8 months ago. She was simply storing a package for a friend. The package happened to contain chemicals used to transform the coca leaf into cocaine. She searched her brassiere for tissue and guided us to a concrete side-room for privacy. She cried to us of her family, shattered by her imprisonment, separating her husband and her three children. The youngest child resides in the jail with her. “It wasn’t mine” was all she could say. But that didn’t cut her sentence to anything short of 6 years and 8 months. Is Marlitza a triumph in the War on Drugs? Is her existence in jail mitigating the problem of narcotics? Or did she just slip into the “soap dish” through no fault of her own?
Law 1008 strips a person of their rights as a citizen. There is no justice. People are guilty until proven innocent. Walter Vino, a National Police guard of the jail whispered to me on my way out of the jail “I think there are more innocents here than guilty”. The lives of people should not be determined by an unlucky slippery slope that lands hundreds in jail for the sake of misleading statistics that imply that the War on Drugs is being won.
[Editor’s note from Jim Shultz: Last March, in its formal report on the war on drugs in Bolivia, the US Embassy reported that, in 2004, total arrests on drug-related charges numbered 4,138. That is nearly double the figure for 1999, when The Democracy Center wrote about the case of one innocent US drug war victim, Adela Rojas Rodriguez, who spent 22 months in the San Sebastian jail with her infant baby son, Josue.]
I am proud to present to you another guest Blog from one of our stellar Democracy Center interns. This one, about the San Sebastian women’s jail in Cochabamba, was written by Christina Haglund, a native of Portland Oregon and a former US Peace Corps volunteer. Christina and other Center volunteers (US and Bolivian) have been visiting the jail as part of an investigation into the human toll of the US-sponsored War on Drugs. I think you will find the article well worth reading.
Jim Shultz
Sliding into the Soap Dish
They call it La Jobónera. The “soap dish”, I thought the nickname had been born because at first glance, the place looks like a wash-by-hand laundromat. Clotheslines run criss-cross through the open patio, giving shade like a tree as it drips dry above a place that feels more like hopelessly passing time than life. There is a constant scrubbing noise. Water is always running somewhere. Braids are tied back and sleeves are rolled up. But no, I was wrong.
The “soap dish” has nothing to do with spending hours a day soaking and scrubbing soapy clothes. It gets its name because it is both getting in and getting out is slippery. Welcome to the San Sebastian prison.
La Jabónera is not just any prison. It is a confined residence for women, most of them supposed narco-traffickers, and their children. A jail that does not provide food to its prisoners. A jail filled with 112 women, many of who do not know how long they will reside there, and are guilty until proven innocent.
I sat with a group of women, varying in ages from 18 to 58. I was the only one without thick black braids draped down my back, the only one not dressed in a pleated traditional Cochabambino skirt or laced shirt. We labeled dirty clothes that had been delivered from the outside by sewing colored thread into the hems. I asked how long they have been here. One woman responded that she no longer remembers. The others chuckled.
“Why are you here?” I asked. One by one they confessed Law 1008 as the reason for their imprisonment. Not one looked me in the eyes. I come from the country that wrote this law, I told them. They did not know that this law was originally written in English, and that it came from the United States.
The War on Drugs that is being fought in Bolivia is producing statistics that give the appearance of success in the battlefield. The Embassy of the United States in Bolivia annually reports the number of detained narco-traffickers. That number has been exponentially increasing since the implementation of Law 1008 in 1988. This is the “Law to Regulate Coca and Controlled Substances”. Any alleged association with drugs (including many cases in which the evidence is beyond ludicrous) condemns an individual to loss of freedom, family and rights. These people become numbers in the US database under the category “narco-trafficker”.
Who are these narco-traffickers and does their imprisonment truthfully reflect victory in our abstract war against drugs?
A prisoner of the war on drugs was kind enough to share her story with us. We were sitting in the jail sewing room where, thanks to a local non-profit, many women learn the seamstress trade during idle imprisonment time. Two cholitas were machine embroidering tablecloths and pillowcases. Vacant sewing machines surrounded us. We all drank refresco (soda). “Why are they writing things down?” asked a woman in Quechua.
Forty-year-old Marlitza was telling of her arrival to the San Sebastian prison 4 years and 8 months ago. She was simply storing a package for a friend. The package happened to contain chemicals used to transform the coca leaf into cocaine. She searched her brassiere for tissue and guided us to a concrete side-room for privacy. She cried to us of her family, shattered by her imprisonment, separating her husband and her three children. The youngest child resides in the jail with her. “It wasn’t mine” was all she could say. But that didn’t cut her sentence to anything short of 6 years and 8 months. Is Marlitza a triumph in the War on Drugs? Is her existence in jail mitigating the problem of narcotics? Or did she just slip into the “soap dish” through no fault of her own?
Law 1008 strips a person of their rights as a citizen. There is no justice. People are guilty until proven innocent. Walter Vino, a National Police guard of the jail whispered to me on my way out of the jail “I think there are more innocents here than guilty”. The lives of people should not be determined by an unlucky slippery slope that lands hundreds in jail for the sake of misleading statistics that imply that the War on Drugs is being won.
[Editor’s note from Jim Shultz: Last March, in its formal report on the war on drugs in Bolivia, the US Embassy reported that, in 2004, total arrests on drug-related charges numbered 4,138. That is nearly double the figure for 1999, when The Democracy Center wrote about the case of one innocent US drug war victim, Adela Rojas Rodriguez, who spent 22 months in the San Sebastian jail with her infant baby son, Josue.]
posted by The Democracy Center at 9:20 PM
The Democracy Center, based in Cochabamba Bolivia and San Francisco California, works globally to advance human rights through a combination of investigation and reporting, training citizens in the art of public advocacy, and organizing international citizen campaigns. If you like the Blog, consider becoming a subscriber to The Democracy Center's free e-newsletter by sending us an email at 
32 Comments:
What an excellent post Christina. Jim, you do yourself an honor by putting these guest posts up, what a great idea.
It makes me so, so mad to read this. This is the kind of article that could lead to a Pulitzer before the United States' wars on people. The "war on drugs" was the first, the "war on terror" is the second. These wars are nothing but excusses to incarcerate people, something the United States excels at. The United States has the highest proportion of its people in prison of all countries in the world.
Bolivia, Bolivia I know why you do it. The U.S. dangles money in front of your nose and says you can have this, grab it. But there is a string attached to this money. The string leads back to the "war on drugs", and the war says we need proof that we are winning. We want statistics, more people, narco-traffickers, behind bars. We will write a law for you, Law 1008, with this law you can put anyone in jail. It will be a great help to ever increase the number of incarcerated narco-traffickers.
We are the corrupters, and you are the corrupted. The unlucky pay with shattered lives.
Good post. Thanks, Democracy Center.
The Ley 1008 and the prison situation are both unjust, sin dude.
Like everything, though, the situation is complicated. I am confident Christina would be the first to agree.
I worked for several years in Bolivia's prisons, and was the National Coordinator for the Catholic Church's Prison Ministry in Bolivia. The way 1008 is written is an affront to some of the most basic standards of criminal justice and human rights (probable cause, presumption of innocence, double jeopardy, etc.). The way it is applied makes it worse still, as it is subject to the combination of ineptitude and corruption in both the police and the courts, plus the classism and racism that seem to plague penal systems everywhere.
The principle dangers I see, though, with anecdotes like the ones above, are two:
1)they fail to point to the very sticky context in which this incarceration takes place. This doesn't mean what is described above is inaccurate, of course. But I am betting that very soon this comments section will be full of people pointing out, with differing degrees of insight, how problematic and undesirable a narco-economy is for Bolivia, regardless of whether responsibility for the current situation lies overwhelmingly with the U.S., or how abusively and inadequately the "war on drugs" addresses the situation. Such comments will serve mainly to distract from the crucial points made above about said abuses and inadequacies. The main argument to be made here is that U.S. citizens should respond to this scandal with actions that both oppose the "war on drugs" as it is waged against the poor abroad, AND redirect the approach to illicit drug consumption at home.
2) "innocence" is a relative term. Again, the law itself is ridiculous. But many opponents of the law often find it difficult to recognize how many of the people jailed under 1008 did indeed knowingly violate the law - often even the less controversial aspects of the law (e.g. they actually had drugs, not just kerosene or toilet paper or other pre-cursor materials banned in the drug-producing regions under the law).
As long as we're dealing in telling anecdotes: I had a colleague who worked in a legal aid clinic in Cochabamba. He had been a public defender in the U.S. He was very strongly inclined toward the presumption of innocence.(Frankly, I often found myself incredulous at his claims about the corruption of U.S. law enforcement officials and the innocence of hordes of U.S. convicts). But after a few years of working with the poorest Bolivians jailed and charged under 1008, he told me that essentially every person he had defended was technically and knowingly guilty of some violation of the law. To be sure, they were poor, they had been persuaded by strongarm pressure and much-needed money to do what they did, and their cases were often handled in ways that would result in acquitals on any number of grounds in the U.S. - all under a law that shouldn't exist in the first place. But - and my own experience, while it had much less to do with guilt or innocence, gave me little reason to doubt this - according to my colleague, the "totally innocent" victims of 1008 are few and far between. (To take the example of the case above: how many times in your life has somebody asked you to simply store an unidentified, enclosed package in your house for them?)
NB: I very intentionally ended my quotation marks after 'innocent' and before 'victim.' The law is wrong, and the people imprisoned under it are victims of a thoroughly corrupt system. But it is important that critics not open ourselves up to charges of naivetee.
Also, I don't assume the woman Christina spoke with is guilty. I only urge caution in accepting what any prison inmate says about his or her own guilt or innocence. There are innocent prisoners everywhere, but those in prison will be the first to tell you that asking inmates about their own culpability is not the way to determine the reality in a given system.
Ultimately, the point here is that "guilt" or "innocence" is hardly the most relevant consideration when dealing with a law and a "justice" system that are themselves morally - and arguably legally, under the Bolivian constitution and international law - criminal.
p.s. the end of my second paragraph above should read "sin duda." But it is, in fact, also a sin, dude.
Just to add to this very interesting and important blog entry. I have also had the chance to work with the women & children of San Sebastian's prison over the past several years. It should be noted that many women in San Sebastian do not speak Spanish since they are mostly campesino farmers and never properly understood the charges brought against them or the reasons they were being arrested.
As well, Cochabamba has an incredibly overcrowded prison system, mainly because a large number of people arrested under Law 1008 live in the jungle region of this departamento and are sent to jail in the city. As such, Cochabamba's jails are some of the most crowded in the country. There are also thousands of children forced to live with their parents in jail - in fact, I was told by a social worker in Cochabamba that there are more children than adults living in Bolivian jails.
Thanks to the Democracy Centre for highlighting this major problem in Bolivia which often goes unreported & overlooked.
Evo Morales should absolutely make a bigger fuss over the exploitation by the real narcotraffickers. The drug trade is capitalism at its worst. The cocaleros undoubtedly receive more revenue for growing coca than other alternative crops, but those actually transporting and manufacturing cocaine are the ones reaping the cash benefits from this trade.
The poor women who are involved with the transport of materials used to make cocaine are also exploited because they have little alternative to making money. The women in the article are "expendable" by the real criminals. If the women get caught, it isn't the ones higher up on the production chain who goes to jail.
The bottom line is that there needs to be a smarter drug policy in Bolivia. In a way, the cocaleros turn a blind eye to the real exploitative forces in this whole matter. The coca leaf is sacred to many Bolivians. However, allowing even one leaf to be converted into cocaine is a slight on the sacredness of the leaf. A sacred leaf should not be involved in such a capitalistic exploitative system that involves the rich getting richer. You think the gas deals are bad, the coca/cocaine deals are even worse.
Ah, the old 'just storing a package for a friend.' Really easy to fool a gringo do-gooder with that one!
Don't we all, you know, just store a package, for a friend? Don't we all have friends who, voila, just happen to be drug smugglers who'd be happy to put us in jail instead of themselves for storing their stash?
In all my years and all my friendships, I have never had a friend who has asked me to 'just store a package,' no questions asked.
But I've certainly known gullible gringos who'd believe such a tale from a stranger, no questions asked, if the George-Soros-financed cause they were expounding was right.
It seems to me that Jim here is trying to run a training camp for young Americans to become activist in the US for whenever they go back. It is so obvious that this intern already comes with the prejudgment that US foreign policy is the evil, never tries to imply that like any thing in life, there is good, bad and the ugly.
Christina here is telling us how bad is the US for writing a law for Bolivians that will create all the injustice and unfairness that she describes. Thus, Christina looks to be sympathetic so that the reader rides the same wave….typical, when you only consider what comes from your heart.
For Christina the US is the evil for writing laws for us Bolivians…for me the real evil here are the Bolivian congress men and all the other government official that have the power of vote to transform foreign “incentives” into law. Let’s think carefully…someone else writes a law for us…who cares?...welcome! But, this doesn’t mean our congress men don’t have the right to read, disagree, change, modify, adapt to Bolivian reality…and make it a law.
As far as I can tell, this law is allowing to jail for long time guilty until proven innocent. Myself, and I am guessing the majority regardless of political tint, would agree that nobody should be in jail for a long time without proving them guilty. So yes, what we should be reporting here are the names of the congress people that voted in favor of this, especially if they are running for office again.
Yes, report also the injustice, the unfairness, so that whoever can change the law can go ahead and do it. If they get pressured by the US…then well, report who is the congress person that doesn’t have the CANICAS to play the game….we Bolivians should not vote for this one anymore. But of course, the majority of Bolivians go to vote ignoring most of this…is this form of democratic system good for the uneducated Bolivia? (another debate).
Now the tears. I guess it takes one to live a few months in Bolivia to realize how easy it is for cholitas to drop some tears. Every time the reporters, TV cameras approach to a protest, and start asking questions to a cholita, you will see the tears coming down. We are so used to this, that it seems that tears in Bolivia don’t tell you as much as the real true.
With this I don’t want to take credit out of Christina’s “innocent”. Christina does good in opening the eyes of the bloggers to what seems to be unfair more than unjust. The problem is that she focuses on the tears and suffers when she could give as more info to build a case. Did Christina try to get the file with the info of the “innocent”? If they won’t give it to her…why? …build a case of injustice of the system that applies to all cholitas and not only to the tears of the innocent oneSS Christina interviews.
Did Christina consider “La ley blattman” (not sure about the spelling). Where yes, people cannot stay for a long time in jail without a formal indictment. But this allowed criminality to raise (especially in CBBA). Was the law wrong? Of course not! The law assumed that it will go hand in hand with enforcement on the Police and the judicial system…and this is the big problem…criminals know they will get out easily, police don’t bother to catch someone will get away easy.
As you can tell Christina, Bolivians are more to blame than Americans. Consider also that not only the US pressures as to get things going the American way. Our gov “representatives ” have to deal with many negotiations from many other nations or people that can pass “influence” under the table to get their interests rolling (this also happens in the left –Chavez/Fidel). And the only line of defense we the people really have is our vote and perhaps more drastically referendums.
What Bolivians have to know is what their evil congress people is doing rather than start hating to foreign nations, that in general, it seems they are doing more good than bad.
What does the US do with the foreign bad influence they receive? How do they handle it? If politicians do against the peoples will…what happens to them?
Saludos, Javier F.
re: javier's comments: I don't think deciding who is more to blame is quite the point. Also, one interesting thing about a forum like this is that we have Bolivians, Norteamericanos, and others analyzing situations involving all of our various countries to different degrees. It's hard to know which audience one has in mind. But it seems that Javier's desire, as a Bolivian, to focus on the failures of Bolivian politicians need not contradict Christina's desire, as a US citizen, to focus on the failures of her own government.
I do think Javier fails to recognize the real power the US wields in other countries like Bolivia. Bolivia is dependant on foreign aid, much of it from the U.S. The U.S., in turn, makes such aid dependant on compliance with its "war on drugs." So, it's not just a matter of a politician lacking canicas. It is often much more a question of "what schools, roads, or health services am I, as a Bolivian politician, going to slash when the U.S. cuts our aid because I refuse to pass a law like 1008?" Many commenters here over the past couple of years have tried to deny that the U.S. has any real power in Bolivia. That claim is, quite frankly, absurd.
Also, re: la Ley Blattman: I was part of the campaign to get that law passed and applied. It was applied for a short time. The first to benefit were political prisoners -- Felipe Quispe and Alvaro Garcia Linera among them. I believe it was around March when they began granting prisoners provisional liberty under the law (this was 1997, if I'm not mistaken). Within a couple of months, the populations in many of the larger, grossly overpopulated prisons had dropped by a third or more -- although they were still well over capacity. But soon the judges and other authorities had found ways around the law, and public scrutiny had waned, and the law ceased to be applied. By Christmas of the same year, the prison population was even higher than it had been before the law went into effect. Over 70% of those in prison were still awaiting trials.
Clearly, correcting the system requires much more than passing or not passing laws.
This is a comment from Christina. I wrote this Blog posting.
For those of you who are skeptical as to the true weight of US influence on Bolivian drug policy, here are some simple facts (courtesy of one of Jim Shultz’s “training camp” interns). I stand behind my prior claims. US influence is as heavy as an anvil.
A law must be passed through Bolivian congress, as did Las 1008. The question is under what conditions did that law get approved?
Bolivia’s economy is, unfortunately, very dependent on foreign aid, much of which comes from the United States. A full half of Bolivia's national budget comes from abroad. The government relies on foreign assistance even to pay for basics such as police salaries.
In 1988 the US government froze 50% of US foreign aid to Bolivia, conditioned upon the Bolivian congress approving Law 1008, the anti-narcotrafficking law. This is how Law 1008 “legally” found its way into America’s war on drugs in Bolivia. There are indeed tears and suffering involved in the US war on drugs, but there are also hard facts. That the US forced Bolivia to adopt this unjust law is one of them.
As one who sits on the central committe of the San Diego Republican Party. I have to say that this article was well written and informative. Often politicians on both sides become distant from what happens on the front lines. It is that failure of leadership that creates disconnect from the people and the politicians whose interests they supposedly represent. This causes anger from the uneducated which leads to roiting. Subsequently the politicains living in their elitist ivory tower, view these individuals as irrational savages and do their best to marganaize them. As an individual who has recieved death threats from angry union thugs regarding the Schwartznegger initiatives, I have no love for the leftist thugs who try to silence my freedom of expresson by slashing my tires and keying F--K Bush on the side of my car cause i have a bumper sticker. There is a serios "failure to communicate" from both sides, and this is the same in every democracy. Those of us closeted moderates in that ivory, keep our mouth shut and tow the conservative party line, like good soldiers biding our time when the political mood is ready for moderate voices, such as Liberman and McCain. CJ
As one who sits on the central committe of the San Diego Republican Party. I have to say that this article was well written and informative. Often politicians on both sides become distant from what happens on the front lines. It is that failure of leadership that creates disconnect from the people and the politicians whose interests they supposedly represent. This causes anger from the uneducated which leads to roiting. Subsequently the politicains living in their elitist ivory tower, view these individuals as irrational savages and do their best to marganaize them. As an individual who has recieved death threats from angry union thugs regarding the Schwartznegger initiatives, I have no love for the leftist thugs who try to silence my freedom of expresson by slashing my tires and keying F--K Bush on the side of my car cause i have a bumper sticker. There is a serios "failure to communicate" from both sides, and this is the same in every democracy. Those of us closeted moderates in that ivory, keep our mouth shut and tow the conservative party line, like good soldiers biding our time when the political mood is ready for moderate voices, such as Liberman and McCain. CJ
Christina, I am not say that the US DOES NOT have influence over Bolivia. What I am saying is that any country, not only the US will have influence over Bolivia, and according to you thinking, if they have economic power, they can dictate laws in Bolivia.....OK, that is life....no one can change that.
So here comes my point, foreign influence will alway be present...how do Bolivians defend??
With american activist that will try to change the way the US fights its war on drugs?...perhaps, I welcome any help if it is rational and protects the innocent...but we bolivians have to be able to take care of ourselves. We need to know when to say NO....even to say NO to this HELP that you mention...because nothing is FREEE!
Does Bolivia need all this AID?
Christina, have you try to research why is that Bolivia is so dependent to other countries to pay the salaries you mention?
Before you tell me the usual, it is the US Bush Administrations fault with all its neoliberal policies...something you would definitely would like to believe to have meaning in you boot camp...let me tell you, Bolivians are dependent because Bolivians want the easy way out.
In Bolivia we have many, but many resources, and we are so few...that it would be hard to believe we could die out of hunger. What Bolivians don't have is the "know how" or even worse, the "will" to be independent.
So, if you offer Bolivians between teaching them how to be more productive or giving them the final product (leftover grain from the US for instance)...our leaders had been concistantly been choicing the easy way...the product.
As you see, if Bolivia wants to put the innocent out of our jails out of foreign influence...Bolivians need to LEARN how to say NO and become less dependant on AID.
Saludos, Javier
javier inadvertantly points to exactly how the u.s. and other rich nations keep poor nations like bolivia dependent. to get money from their natural riches, bolivians need to trade. but the u.s. demands trade conditions that don't allow bolivians to get the kind of money they need, and so bolivians stay dependent on aid. the u.s. uses the threat of cutting aid to force bolivia to continue to accept such trade conditions, creating a vicious cycle. social movements now are trying to break that cycle, but for some reason if americans recognize this, they are accused of being brainwashed leftists. promotors of the washington concensus may honestly belive they are promoting a way forward that will end dependence, but the history of the past few decades suggests they are kidding themselves. the "free market" may have looked good on paper, but it has failed in the real world.
Inadvertently Dan? …if that makes you happy.
I am clearly saying, the US and other rich countries influence on poor countries like Bolivia. .....OK, that is life....no one can change that.
I am clearly saying that these countries make Bolivia very much dependent on AID to the point that Bolivia gets blind to the fact that Bolivians lack to realize we don’t need to depend on this aid…we just need to “KNOW how” to use our resources. And our politicians should be the smart ones to realize this.
Now, I don’t know how you come to the conclusion that “free market” is not working…but to me this seem irrelevant. The only way Bolivia will stop depending on AID is, when Bolivians get smarter and start learning more in how to use and transform our own resources.
Bolivian’s problem is a human behavior problem more that a free market problem. Very similar behavior to the beggars in the street…they depend on aid, as long as they have it and they are OK living with the minimum of things…they will continue begging.
Now, I don’t care if leftist or rightist are proposing or attempting to break the cycle you mentioned…like a soccer player, not only you have to be good with your right and left leg, you definitely have to use your head to score.
So, if the left propose to stop depending on AID, they should at the same time tell us how do they plan to make Bolivians smarter….that is, getting more “know how” on the use of our own resources…because “La Normal” (The special school where new teacher are formed) today are full of youngsters going to the streets to do vandalism and the public university is pretty much focus on getting more money to split it among themselves and produce little.
Saludos, Javier
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